Alcator C-Mod Run 1080311 Information

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Miniproposals
Miniproposal:296
Date Filed: 5/14/2001
Title:Confirmation of Thomson scattering density calibration using electron cyclotron emission cutoffs
First Author:Jerry Hughes
Session Leader:Jerry Hughes (shots 20-26)
Miniproposal:493
Date Filed: 6/18/2007
Title:Ohmic L-H Threshold Experiments
First Author:Brian Labombard
Session Leader:Brian Labombard (shots 27-31)
Miniproposal:529
Date Filed: 2/14/2008
Title:Toroidal field dependence of the L-H transition at low density in Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas
First Author:Joseph Snipes
Session Leader:Joseph Snipes (shots 1-19)

Operators
Session leader(s):Joseph Snipes,Jerry Hughes,Brian Labombard
Physics operator(s):Robert Granetz
Engineering operator(s):Sam Pierson,Bill Cochran

Engineering Operator Run Comment
am: MP529 Btor dependence of the L-H transition at low ne in ohmic plasm

Session Leader Plans
Entered: Mar 10 2008 12:46:01:060PM
Author: Steve Scott
MSE beam-into-gas calibrations MP491

A. single-shot reproducibility evaluation

* three identical shots.

- one shot at beginning of day
- one shot at the end of the morning run for MP491
- Last shot of the day.

* conditions: beam-into-gas with fields, no plasma.

- TF and gas programming from shot 1070831006
- EF3 and EF4 wveforms from:
1. Take both from 1070529008 (EF3=9.5, EF4=0)
2. OR take both EF3 and EF4 from 1070831033 and then set EF4=0.
- Make sure that EF4 is """"""""open"""""""" so we don't induce currents in it.
- Note: these conditions are BT=constant, EF3=constant, EF4=0 = constant.
- DNB: will be operated in modulated mode to get high current and hopefully
a current that remains relatively constant throughout the pulse. Start at
0.2 sec, end at 1.7 sec. Proposed on/off timing is on/off = 80/30 ms, but
this will be adjusted as needed to get a nice waveform.

B. Single-shot full MSE calibration

* TF, EF3 and EF4 conditions taken from 1070831006.
* 2 shots. these will have the same TF, EF3 and EF4 waveforms but different
torus pressures.
* first shot: torus pressure = constant = 0.5 mTorr
* second shot: torus pressure = 1.5 mTorr (See shots 1070529003 / 004
for an example of how to increase the torus pressure from 0.5 to
about 1.3 mTorr).
* close torus values to improve constancy of torus pressure
* large ramps on EF3 and EF4.
* 6 PSI on torus gas plenum. Deuterium gas.

C. Single-shot torus pressure scan

* 2 shots, with same TF but different EF --> to give different pitch angle.
* 1st shot: conditions = 1070529007, including gas puffing, TF, EF3, EF4.
* 2nd shot: conditions = 1070529010, including gas puffing, TF, EF3, EF4.

* In both shots: BT = constant, EF3 and EF4 = constant. Ramp the torus pressure.
* DNB modulated, probably at 80/30 ms = on/off. start 0.05, end 1.5 sec.

D. Verify MSE filter temperature

* 2 shots, identical.
* start with conditions from shot 1070615027. Then modify as indicated in file
fields_and_mflux_1070615027.pdf.
* These waveforms are intended to provide constant pitch angle as the BT is ramped
from 5.0 --> 6.2 Tesla.
* MSE filter temperatures will be optimized for 5.4 Tesla.
* Gas puffing taken from shot A above, adjusted as necessary to get about 0.5 mTorr,
and constant torus pressure versus time.
* MSE will evaluate polarization fraction versus time.
* DNB: modulated as described above. Start time = 0.05 sec. end time = 1.5 sec.
Entered: Mar 10 2008 03:09:50:567PM
Author: Joseph Snipes
Session Leader Run Plan for Tuesday 1080311

MP529 Toroidal field dependence of the L-H transition at low density in Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas - Part I Ohmic plasmas

This is an Ohmic H-mode run where we will ramp the toroidal field down from 5.4 T at breakdown to a minimum of 2.2 T and vary the electron density to look for a low density limit to obtaining H-modes. The plasma current may also be varied somewhat to change the Ohmic input power, but we want to avoid low q disruptions as much as possible. We will begin with shot 1080305025 except that we will reduce the minimum toroidal field to 2.2 T and reduce the plasma current to 0.6 MA. Assuming H-mode is achieved, we will then reduce the density in small steps and map out the minimum density at which H-mode can be achieved. We may increase the plasma current somewhat to increase the Ohmic input power if necessary, but we probably cannot go much higher than 0.7 MA and also avoid low q disruptions. We would also like to monitor edge plasma flows and core plasma rotation, measure the edge and core density and temperature profiles, measure the radiated power profile and visible Bremsstrahlung profile for Zeff, and measure fluctuations with the magnetics, PCI, and reflectometry.
Entered: Mar 10 2008 06:02:38:457PM
Author: Jerry Hughes
MP296. Cross-calibrate TS against ECE cutoffs.

Ohmic plasmas, ~800kA, ~4T
GPC should be configured for 4T operation.

This run is in two parts:

1. Load any recent 800kA shot with a standard LSN equilibrium. (I would give you
one, but I can't see any 2008 data.) Adjust Bt to be 3.9T in flattop. Make
initial density demand nl04=1.2e20. Then ramp nl04 program from nl04=1.2e20 to
2.0e20 from 0.6s to 1.0s.
2. Repeat, adjusting Bt in steps of 0.1T, and possibly changing the density
program, until session leader is satisfied.

Pretty simple, huh?

Physics Operators Plans
Entered: Mar 10 2008 11:09:00:380PM
Author: Robert Granetz

Engineering setup for Tuesday 11 Mar 2008

am: MP529 Btor dependence of the L-H transition at low ne in ohmic plasmas
pm: TS calibrations (4 shots)
pm: MP491 MSE calibrations (if LHe is available in time)

Session leader: Snipes/Hughes/Scott
Physics operator: Granetz

Normal overnight ECDC in D2 and 60 C bake.

Run will start at 09:00 and end at 17:00.

Power systems as on 1080305025.

A-coil configuration: +Dtop -Dbot -Jtop +Jbot; Enabled (standard
configuration)

Gas Setup:
   fill B-Top            with  6 psi D2  Hybrid enabled  (PG4)
   fill B-side lower     with  1 psi Ar  Hybrid DISABLED (PG1)
  leave B-side upper     as is           Hybrid DISABLED (PG2)   
   fill B-main (C-side)  with 40 psi D2  Hybrid enabled  (PG3)
  leave NINJA            as is           DISABLED

Enable the following gate valves and shutters, assuming no vacuum problems:
  ECE, VUV, Z-bolo
 
Torvac setup: keep gate valves open

Specific diagnostics: Thomson, GPC (cross-calibration), MSE, HIREXes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ICRF Setup: not needed
LH Setup: not needed
DNB: yes, for MP491
Cryopump: not needed

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Run plan: 
 MP529 -- Set Btor to 2.2 T after breakdown; set Ip at 0.6 MA; nl_04=4e19 m-2.
          Decrease density shot-to-shot until H-mode no longer occurs
          during the Btor ramp.

 TS calibrations: ramp ne up during shot to reach ECE cutoff.
          Cross-calibrate GPC and TS.

 MSE calibrations: beam-into-gas with fields.  We will only do this run if
          LHe becomes available in time.


Session Leader Summaries
Entered: Mar 11 2008 02:06:28:963PM
Author: Joseph Snipes
It was a very good run with 18 good shots out of 19 attempts. We were able to get Ohmic H-modes down to as low a density as the machine could go before getting runaways, which was down to nel04 = 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2 or nebar = 0.34 x 10^20 m^-3.
Attempts to go to lower densities did not get H-mode. This is not that much larger than the low density limit obtained at similar toroidal fields on DIII-D, JET, JT-60U, and ASDEX Upgrade, which were about nebar = 0.25 x 10^20 m^-3. To get the H-mode at the lowest density in C-Mod required 2.2 times the old H-mode threshold scaling: Pth = 1.42 nebar^0.58 BT^0.82 a^0.81 R^1.0. This is much lower than the low density limit at 5.4 T, which is more like nebar = 0.8 - 1.0 x 10^20 m^-3. This suggests that ITER could have a similarly high low density limit at 5.3 T since the low density limit does not appear to change substantially with machine size. So, ITER may have difficulty getting H-mode at the L-mode target density presently envisioned for the base scenario, nebar = 5 x 10^19 m^-3, unless the input power is substantially larger than the threshold scaling.
Entered: Mar 12 2008 09:09:10:317AM
Author: Jerry Hughes
MP296: Calibration of Thomson density against ECE cutoffs.
(Shots 20--26)

This was a good ~1/4 run. In 7 attempts, we got 5 ohmic plasmas at 800kA with
density ramps to disruption in all cases. Three fields were run (4.0+/-0.1T), with
the GPC coverage optimized for 4T. In all shots ECE was completely cut off on the
LFS by 1.3s. Almost 60 total cutoffs were obtained, allowing density calibration
coefficients to be calculated for the core TS, and adjusted in the case of the
edge TS. These shots will be analyzed carefully and supplemented with gas
scattering calibration data taken on March 2. Meanwhile, control room analysis
showed that the corrections to the existing calibrations are ~1, with some
densities overestimated and others underestimated. The central density is
being underreported by several percent, while a number of channels at larger r/a
are being overreported. When the ongoing restoration of 2008 data is completed,
these results will be used to back-calibrate some old shots. (Note that this
calibration is for YAG1 only, since YAG2 is in need of repair. YAG2 calibrations
will be determined by comparing gas scattering data taken with both lasers.)

Summary of correction factors derived from shots 20,22,24--26:
GPC, YAG1
Polychromator 6: 1.08973 +/- 0.0872417
Polychromator 5: 0.958995 +/- 0.0563128
Polychromator 9: 1.25188 +/- 0.0817014
Polychromator 1: 1.02906 +/- 0.0817457
Polychromator 11: 0.878957 +/- 0.0692032
Polychromator 4: 0.944308 +/- 0.0614470
Polychromator 3: 0.995157 +/- 0.0583481
Polychromator 2: 1.00443 +/- 0.0787527
Polychromator 7: 0.716466 +/- 0.0469350
Polychromator 8: 0.962612 +/- 0.0637591
Polychromator 15: 1.54223 +/- 0.102410
Polychromator 13: 1.51114 +/- 0.174921
GPC2, YAG1
Polychromator 6: 1.06321 +/- 0.0238567
Polychromator 5: 0.947644 +/- 0.0195676
Polychromator 9: 1.24880 +/- 0.0323237
Polychromator 1: 1.04010 +/- 0.0494762
Polychromator 11: 0.864306 +/- 0.0240111
Polychromator 4: 0.934159 +/- 0.0177258
Polychromator 3: 1.00496 +/- 0.0182039
Polychromator 2: 1.01319 +/- 0.0336075
Polychromator 7: 0.781141 +/- 0.0279718
Polychromator 8: N/A
Polychromator 15: N/A
Polychromator 13: 1.00757 +/- 0.498827

Decent results for 11 innermost core channels. The channel near the LCFS is
not so accurately calibrated.

Physics Operator Summaries
Entered: Mar 11 2008 05:02:19:120PM
Author: Robert Granetz

Run summary for Tuesday 11 Mar 2008

am: MP529 Btor dependence of the L-H transition at low ne in ohmic plasmas
pm: TS calibrations (4 shots)
pm: CANCELLED: MP491 MSE calibrations (if LHe is available in time)
pm: MP493 Ohmic L-H Threshold Experiments

Session leader: J. Snipes; J. Hughes; B. LaBombard
Physics operator: R. Granetz

The first half-day run (MP529) went extremely well, with the machine
achieving very low densities of <2e19 m-2 at Btor=2.2 T and Ip=0.45-0.60
MA.  A reproducible low density H-mode threshold was determined.

The Thomson calibration also went well, although each plasma shot resulted
in a high-density disruption, which invariably led to an alternating
pattern of a plasma shot followed by a fizzle.

Finally, we tried to get a head start on Brian's MP493 which is scheduled
for this Thursday.  This was impeded by the inability to recall data from
recent runs, since it required us to start developing shots from scratch.
But we managed to get an upper null plasma that didn't disrupt
(1080311030), and this will be a reasonable starting shot for Thursday.

Scorecard: 27 plasmas
            0 duds
            3 fizzles
            0 power supply tests
            1 no-power MDS shot cycles
           --------------
   Total:  31 shot cycles

Session Leader Comments
Mar 11 2008 09:15:40:400AM1080311001Joseph SnipesShot 1: Good shot. H-mode at 1.24 s at Bt = 2.38 T and 0.6 MA and nl04 = 0.4 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.7 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 09:28:07:900AM1080311002Joseph SnipesShot 2: Reduce TF to 2.2 T minimum. Got H-mode at 1.03 s at 2.4 T and nl04 = 0.36 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.68 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 09:32:44:947AM1080311003Joseph SnipesShot 3: Reduce Ip to 0.55 MA. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.19 s at 2.23 T and nl04 = 0.36 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.71 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 09:48:13:663AM1080311004Joseph SnipesShot 4: Reduce Ip to 0.5 MA. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.17 s at 2.25 T and nl04 = 0.35 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.71 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 09:57:16:837AM1080311005Joseph SnipesShot 5: Reduce Ip to 0.45 MA. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.47 s at 2.2 T and nl04 = 0.35 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.6 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 10:11:41:853AM1080311006Joseph SnipesShot 6: Reduce nl04 to 0.35 x 10^20 m^-2. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.4 s at 2.2 T and nl04 = 0.32 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.55 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 10:24:51:010AM1080311007Joseph SnipesShot 7: Reduce nl04 to 0.3 x 10^20 m^-2. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.48 s at 2.2 T and nl04 = 0.3 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.52 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 11:05:33:930AM1080311008Joseph SnipesShot 8: Reduce nl04 to 0.25 x 10^20 m^-2. Good shot. Got H-mode at 1.51 s at 2.2 T and nl04 = 0.25 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.44 x 10^20 m^-3.
Mar 11 2008 11:29:22:167AM1080311009Joseph SnipesShot 9: Reduce nl04 to 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2. Added 75 ms of argon for HIREX. Got hard x rays from 0.4 s because the density dips too low as the plasma goes diverted. No H-mode.
Mar 11 2008 12:03:43:103PM1080311010Joseph SnipesShot 10: Try increasing the density early and ramping down to 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2.
Still got hard x rays. No H-mode.
Mar 11 2008 12:03:01:057PM1080311012Joseph SnipesShot 12: Try increasing the density early and ramping down to 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2.
Still got hard x rays. No H-mode.
Mar 11 2008 12:32:13:650PM1080311013Joseph SnipesShot 13: Try increasing the density to 0.35 x 10^20 m^-2 early and ramping down to 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2. Very few hard x rays, though they are still visible on each fast scanning probe scan. Still no H-mode. It seems there was a machine cryo induced leak just before this shot that increased Prad significantly, but there was also an increase in Prad due to argon. So, we will switch off the argon for shot 14.
Mar 11 2008 12:36:26:603PM1080311014Joseph SnipesShot 14: Try again with no argon and hopefully no leak. Got the H-mode at 1.46 s at nl04 = 0.23 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.41 x 10^20 m^-3 at 2.2 T.
Mar 11 2008 12:50:43:570PM1080311015Joseph SnipesShot 15: Try again with slightly lower initial density. Got the H-mode at 1.56 s at nl04 = 0.23 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.4 x 10^20 m^-3 at 2.2 T.
Mar 11 2008 01:02:46:977PM1080311016Joseph SnipesShot 16: Try again with no NINJA puff. Also program nl04 to 0.19 x 10^20 m^-2.
Density ramps down to 0.14 x 10^20 m^-2. No H-mode.
Mar 11 2008 01:19:37:273PM1080311017Joseph SnipesShot 17: Increase nl04 to 0.21 x 10^20 m^-2. Got 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2 but no H-mode.
Mar 11 2008 01:47:12:493PM1080311018Joseph SnipesShot 18: Try raising Ip to 0.5 MA at this density. Still no H-mode up to twice the old H-mode threshold scaling.
Mar 11 2008 01:50:23:697PM1080311019Joseph SnipesShot 19: Try raising Ip to 0.55 MA at this density. Got the H-mode at nl04 = 0.2 x 10^20 m^-2 corresponding to nebar = 0.34 x 10^20 m^-3. However, the power required is 2.2 times the old H-mode threshold scaling. This completes the low density limit to the Ohmic H-mode threshold experiment.
Mar 11 2008 03:32:27:697PM1080311020Jerry HughesStarting on TS calibration against ECE cutoffs.
Target: 800kA, 3.9T, density ramp to near n/n_G~1
Having Bob turn off the DNB, because of pick-up.

Shot went pretty much as programmed. Plasma survives some MHD at ~.5s and
fuels up to a disruption at nl04<2e20. Piezo is puffing pretty hard to fuel
up the discharge to the demand level, and overshoots as a result.

Got 8 cutoffs in the GPC, giving correction factors:
Core TS 1: 1.11 +/- 0.13
Core TS 2: 0.94 +/- 0.11
Core TS 3: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 4: 1.04 +/- 0.12
Core TS 5: 0.89 +/- 0.10
Core TS 6: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 7: 0.97 +/- 0.11
Core TS 8: 0.99 +/- 0.11
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 10: 0.98 +/- 0.12
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 2.00

Got 5 cutoffs in GPC2, giving corrections:
Core TS 1: 1.06 +/- 0.04
Core TS 2: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 3: 1.24 +/- 0.04
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 6: 0.98 +/- 0.04
Core TS 7: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 12: 2.62 +/- 7.29
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 1.00


Next shot: raise Bt to 4.0T, Change nl04 demand to a more modest ramp of
1.0--1.8e20, again from 0.6 to 1.
Mar 11 2008 02:34:53:290PM1080311021Jerry HughesFizzle. Retry.
Mar 11 2008 03:36:20:103PM1080311022Jerry HughesTarget: 800kA, 4.0T, nl04 1.0--1.8e20 from 0.6 to 1.0s

7 cutoffs in GPC, giving corrections:
Core TS 1: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 2: 0.95 +/- 0.11
Core TS 3: 1.25 +/- 0.14
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 6: 0.93 +/- 0.11
Core TS 7: 0.99 +/- 0.12
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 9: 0.68 +/- 0.07
Core TS 10: 0.93 +/- 0.11
Core TS 11: 1.52 +/- 0.18
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 2.00

5 cutoffs in GPC2, giving corrections:
Core TS 1: 1.19 +/- 0.07
Core TS 2: 0.93 +/- 0.04
Core TS 3: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 4: 1.04 +/- 0.05
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 6: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 7: 1.00 +/- 0.03
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 1.00

Still have an overshoot in density. For next shot, change nl04 ramp timing
from 0.7 to 1.1s, then drop nl04 demand to zero at 1.3s.
Also make a change in lower X-point to obtain higher delta_lower, get outermost
core TS channel deeper into the plasma.
Mar 11 2008 03:04:25:870PM1080311023Jerry HughesFizzle. Retry.
Mar 11 2008 03:41:31:260PM1080311024Jerry HughesTarget: 800kA, 4.0T, nl04 1.0--1.8e20 from 0.7 to 1.0s
Shot looks pretty good, though it still overfuels to a disruption.

7 cutoffs in GPC.
Core TS 1: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 2: 0.97 +/- 0.12
Core TS 3: 1.24 +/- 0.14
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 6: 0.96 +/- 0.11
Core TS 7: 1.04 +/- 0.13
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 11: 1.53 +/- 0.18
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 2.00

4 cutoffs in GPC2:
Core TS 1: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 2: 0.95 +/- 0.04
Core TS 3: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 5: 0.86 +/- 0.02
Core TS 6: 0.96 +/- 0.04
Core TS 7: 1.04 +/- 0.03
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 1.00

Next: raise Bt to 4.1T
Mar 11 2008 03:47:47:570PM1080311025Jerry HughesTarget: 800kA, 4.1T, nl04 1.0--1.8e20 from 0.7 to 1.0s
Not a fizzle. Great shot.

7 cutoffs in GPC:
Core TS 1: 1.07 +/- 0.12
Core TS 2: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 3: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 4: 1.02 +/- 0.11
Core TS 5: 0.87 +/- 0.10
Core TS 6: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 7: 0.99 +/- 0.11
Core TS 8: 1.02 +/- 0.12
Core TS 9: 0.78 +/- 0.09
Core TS 10: 0.98 +/- 0.11
Core TS 11: 1.58 +/- 0.18
Core TS 12: 1.53 +/- 0.18
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 2.00

4 cutoffs in GPC2:
Core TS 1: 1.04 +/- 0.04
Core TS 2: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 3: 1.26 +/- 0.05
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 6: 0.91 +/- 0.02
Core TS 7: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 8: 1.01 +/- 0.03
Core TS 9: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 1.00


Next:
Mar 11 2008 04:28:34:963PM1080311026Jerry HughesTarget: 800kA, 4.2T, nl04 1.0--1.8e20 from 0.7 to 1.0s

6 cutoffs from GPC:
Core TS 1: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 2: 0.97 +/- 0.11
Core TS 3: 1.27 +/- 0.14
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 6: 0.94 +/- 0.11
Core TS 7: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 9: 0.72 +/- 0.08
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 2.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 2.00

4 cutoffs from GPC2:
Core TS 1: 1.04 +/- 0.05
Core TS 2: 0.95 +/- 0.03
Core TS 3: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 4: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 5: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 6: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 7: 0.97 +/- 0.03
Core TS 8: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 9: 0.78 +/- 0.03
Core TS 10: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 11: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Core TS 12: 1.00 +/- 1.00
Edge TS : 1.00 +/- 1.00

That's enough for today. Giving run over to Brian for discharge development.
Mar 11 2008 04:37:04:337PM1080311027Brian Labombard27- LSN, NL04=0.75, Ip=0.8, Bt down to 2.8, EFH at 0.9 s
forgot to ramp Bt back up
Mar 11 2008 04:52:51:180PM1080311029Brian Labombard29- LSN, NL04=0.63, Ip=0.8, Bt down to 2.8 then up, EFH at 0.9 s

Mar 11 2008 05:01:33:197PM1080311030Brian Labombard30- USN, NL04=0.77, Ip=0.8, Bt down to 2.8 then up. L-mode

Mar 11 2008 05:09:02:930PM1080311031Brian Labombard31- USN, NL04=0.53, Ip=0.8, Bt down to 2.8 then up. L-mode
Disrupts at 0.9 s, q~3.

Physics Operator Comments
Mar 11 2008 09:01:29:010AMRobert GranetzLoaded 1080305025 (all segments). Seg 2 is active. Programmed BTOR in seg 2 to 61 kA
(2.2 T). Set Ip to 0.6 MA. nl_04 already was 0.4e20 m-2.
Mar 11 2008 09:12:56:540AM1080311001Robert GranetzShot 01 -- Plasma. Good shot. Btor gets down to 2.38 T around t=1.15 s. Ip=0.60 MA.
nl_04=0.40e20 m-2. Ohmic OH mode starts at t=1.25 s. q95=2.8 when it goes
into H-mode.

Next shot: Adjust Btor to 2.2 T
Mar 11 2008 09:22:10:180AM1080311002Robert GranetzShot 02 -- Plasma. Good shot. Btor=2.2 T after t=1.18 s. Ohmic H-mode starts at t=1.07 s.

Next shot: decrease Ip to 550 kA.
Mar 11 2008 09:31:41:853AM1080311003Robert GranetzShot 03 -- Plasma. Good shot. Ip=0.55 MA. Went into H-mode when Btor was at 2.25 T.

Next shot: reduce Ip to 0.50 MA.
Mar 11 2008 09:46:46:290AM1080311004Robert GranetzShot 04 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the H-mode.

Next shot: reduce Ip to 450 kA.
Mar 11 2008 09:56:49:463AM1080311005Robert GranetzShot 05 -- Plasma. Good shot. Just barely went into H-mode. 2.2 T, 0.45 MA, 0.37e20 m-2.

Next shot: decrease nl_04 to 0.35e20 m-2.
Mar 11 2008 10:18:39:400AM1080311006Robert GranetzShot 06 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the H-mode again just before the end of flattop.
Got nl_04=0.35e20 m-2.

Next shot: reduce nl_04 to 0.30e20 m-2. Jim Terry will start NINJA puffing.
Mar 11 2008 10:37:50:417AM1080311007Robert GranetzShot 07 -- Plasma. Good shot. nl_04=0.30e20 m-2, but still got an H-mode at
2.2 T. So maybe there really is a B-field dependence on the low
density H-mode threshold. That would be bad for higher-field machines (such
as ITER).

Next shot: reduce nl_04 to 0.25e20 m-2; extend Ip flattop to t=1.6 s. (This required
extensions to CLEARIN, RXL, ZXL, RXU, NL_04, and IC_EF4U, in addition to Ip.)
Mar 11 2008 11:08:06:493AM1080311008Robert GranetzCell access after shot 08 to reboot HIREX computer and to check on scanning probes.
Mar 11 2008 11:10:56:010AM1080311008Robert GranetzShot 08 -- Plasma. Good shot. Still got an H-mode. Flattop extension to t=1.6 s worked
well. Got nl_04=0.25e20 m-2. Ip=0.45 MA, Bt=2.2 T

Next shot: decrease nl_04 to 0.20e20 m-2. Enable argon, 75 ms pulse.
Mar 11 2008 11:36:41:133AM1080311009Robert GranetzShot 09 -- Plasma. Good shot. No H-mode (finally). Got nl_04=0.20e20 m-2, but also got
some hard x-rays.

Next shot: tweak the density to start at nl_04=0.25e20 m-2 and then drop down to 0.20e20 m-2
early in the flattop
Mar 11 2008 11:42:29:180AM1080311010Robert GranetzShot 10 -- Plasma. Good shot. No H-mode. Still have hard x-rays.

Next shot: increase the early density to 0.30e20 m-2, then drop to 0.20e20 m-2;
also lengthen argon pulse to 100 ms.
Mar 11 2008 11:47:04:040AM1080311011Robert GranetzShot 11 -- No-power shot. Alternator excitation didn't come on in time during CHECK state.

Next shot: try again
Mar 11 2008 12:01:31:150PM1080311012Robert GranetzShot 12 -- Plasma. Good shot. Still a bit of hard x-rays during rampup, and also when the
scanning probe is in. No H-mode.

Next shot: increase pre-fill to 26 ms (from 21 ms) to avoid early hard x-rays; increase early
nl_04 to 0.35e20 m-2.
Mar 11 2008 12:12:34:213PM1080311013Robert GranetzShot 13 -- Plasma. Good plasma. No H-mode. nl_04=0.26e20 m-2, which is a little higher
than we want, and similar to shot 08, which had an H-mode.

Next shot: disable the argon valve
Mar 11 2008 12:33:11:150PM1080311013Robert GranetzThere is an N2 leak that Maria just alerted me to. Torus pressue is up to 7e-6 torr, with
lots of N2. This time the cryopump has not been on at all today. Vessel temp is 17 C.

Turned down the cooling, and the pressure and N2 came down to normal levels. Vessel
temp is now 23 C. Ready for shot 14.
Mar 11 2008 12:44:40:430PM1080311014Robert GranetzShot 14 -- Plasma. Good shot. No argon this shot. Got a little H-mode back.
nl_04=0.23-0.24 m-2.

Next shot: We'll keep the argon OFF for the rest of this run. Repeat, hoping
that nl_04 will drop down to 0.20e20 m-2, as programmed. Lower the
initial density program to 0.32e20 m-2 (was 0.35)
Mar 11 2008 12:55:49:930PM1080311015Robert GranetzShot 15 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got a little H-mode very late. nl_04 is still 2.3-2.4e19 m-2.
NINJA is still on.

Next shot: Turn off NINJA. Decrease nl_04 to 0.19e20 m-2 during the latter part of
the flattop.
Mar 11 2008 01:16:48:523PM1080311016Robert GranetzShot 16 -- Plasma. Good shot. No H-mode. nl_04 gets down to 0.14e20 m-2. Almost no
hard x-rays. So that's below the ""low density limit"" for H-modes at this
Btor of 2.2 T.

Next shot: increase nl_04 to 0.21e20 m-2.
Mar 11 2008 01:20:36:883PM1080311017Robert GranetzShot 17 -- Plasma. Good shot. No H-mode. nl_04=0.20 +/- 0.02 e20 m-2.

Next shot: raise Ip to 0.50 MA.
Mar 11 2008 01:40:55:587PM1080311018Robert GranetzShot 18 -- Plasma. Good shot. Ip=0.50 MA; nl_04=0.20e20 m-2. No H-mode.

Next shot: raise Ip to 0.55 MA.
Mar 11 2008 01:50:41:963PM1080311019Robert GranetzShot 19 -- Plasma. Good shot. Ip=0.55 MA, nl_04=0.20e20 m-2. Got the H-mode. Poh is 2.2 times
the old H-mode threshold scaling. So this density is really the density threshold.

That finishes this miniproposal.

Next shot: change to Thomson scattering calibration shots. Reload shot 01 from today; set Btor=3.9 T;
program nl_04 to ramp from 1.2e20 at t=0.6 s to 2.0e20 m-2 at t=1.0 s. Re-enable the
argon puff (100 ms).
Mar 11 2008 02:09:09:070PM1080311020Robert GranetzShot 20 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the ECE cutoff at Bt=3.9 T and nl_04=1.6e20 m-2.
High density disruption at t=1.36 s.

Next shot: decrease pre-fill by 4 ms; decrease nl_04 by 0.2 throughout the shot;
raise Bt to 4.0 T.
Mar 11 2008 02:11:56:290PM1080311020Robert GranetzA small air leak seems to be developing. Will need to wait a few minutes for the
base pressure to get down to the low 10-6 torr scale.
Mar 11 2008 02:19:31:040PM1080311021Robert GranetzShot 21 -- Fizzle. Chalk it up to post-disruption recovery.

Next shot: repeat; keep pre-fill as is.
Mar 11 2008 02:52:45:680PM1080311022Robert GranetzShot 22 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got ECE cutoff at 4.0 T and nl_04=1.5e20 m-2.
High density disruption at t=1.54 s.

Next shot: reduce pre-fill by 4 ms (to 18 ms); move ZXL down by 5 mm and RXL out by 5 mm.
Delay start of density ramp until t=0.7 s; Turn off density harder, starting
at t=1.4 s.
Mar 11 2008 02:57:43:667PM1080311023Robert GranetzShot 23 -- Fizzle. Pre-fill pressure was good and low (0.050 mTorr), so it must just be
post-disruption dirt.

Next shot: add 2 ms to pre-fill and try again.
Mar 11 2008 03:23:34:807PM1080311024Robert GranetzShot 24 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the ECE cutoff at 4.0 T. Still got a high density
disruption at t=1.55 s, so I'll still have to deal with the fizzles.

Next shot: Try reducing pre-fill by 4 ms, but this probably won't help because I think
it's a dirt issue. Raise Btor by 0.1 T (to 4.1 T).
Mar 11 2008 03:48:50:993PM1080311025Robert GranetzShot 25 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the ECE cutoff at Bt=4.04 T (wanted 4.1 T). Disrupted
halfway down the ramp, which is a substantial improvement.

Next shot: add 1 ms to pre-fill; increase Btor by another 0.1 T.
Mar 11 2008 04:13:46:773PM1080311026Robert GranetzShot 26 -- Plasma. Good shot. Got the ECE cutoff at Bt=4.14 T.

That finishes up the Thomson cross-calibration run.

Next shot: Start on Brian's MP493 Ohmic L-H threshold experiments.
Load seg 2 from 1080305025 seg 2; set Btor=2.7 T; set nl_04=0.6e20 m-2;

Mar 11 2008 04:55:14:853PM1080311027Robert GranetzShot 27 -- Plasma. Ip=0.8 MA, Bt=2.8 T, nl_04=0.7e20 m-2. Got an ELMfree H-mode and the
density just kept climbing until the shot disrupted at t=1.44 s.

Next shot: disruption recovery...reduce pre-fill by 3 ms (to 14 ms); add 14 mm to ZCUR to
try for upper null
Mar 11 2008 04:54:46:727PM1080311028Robert GranetzShot 28 -- Fizzle. Disruption recovery. Pre-fill pressure was good and low (0.042 mTorr).

Next shot: add 2 ms to pre-fill; load Btor programming from 1080124018 seg 2 into
seg 2 (ramp down, then back up)
Mar 11 2008 04:50:45:150PM1080311029Robert GranetzShot 29 -- Plasma. It never made it all the way to upper null. Lithium pellet disrupted
the plasma at t=1.53 s.

Next shot: reload shot 1080124018 (seg 3 was active)...this is an upper null shot; reload seg 1 from
1080311029. No LPI. Sutract 2 ms from pre-fill. Tweak nl_04 to 6.0e19 m-2
Mar 11 2008 04:59:24:273PM1080311030Robert GranetzShot 30 -- Plasma. Full-length shot; upper null; no H-modes. Btor is ramping down than back
up a bit, on purpose (inherited). nl_04=0.75e20 m-2.

Next shot: add 2 ms to pre-fill; reduce nl_04 to 0.4e20 m-2.
Mar 11 2008 10:20:13:503PM1080311031Robert GranetzShot 31 -- Plasma. Disrupts at t=0.90 s. Got nl_04=0.5e20 m-2. I
think the disruption was due to a locked mode, which in turn
is due to the lower density.

End of run.

Engineering Operator Comments
ShotTimeTypeStatusComment
109:00:34:320AMPlasmaOk
209:14:23:337AMPlasmaOk
309:26:51:463AMPlasmaOk
409:39:22:447AMPlasmaOk
509:51:49:447AMPlasmaOk
610:04:23:057AMPlasmaOk
710:20:47:243AMPlasmaOk
811:01:42:523AMPlasmaOk
911:15:50:070AMPlasmaOk
1011:28:19:243AMPlasmaOk
1111:41:55:273AMPlasmaBadNo Alternator Excitation
1211:53:23:010AMPlasmaOk
1312:05:41:273PMPlasmaOk
1412:31:53:807PMPlasmaOk
1512:46:50:477PMPlasmaOk
1612:59:29:697PMPlasmaOk
1701:14:41:400PMPlasmaOk
1801:27:19:307PMPlasmaOk
1901:40:41:760PMPlasmaOk
2001:56:03:337PMPlasmaOk
2102:16:32:620PMPlasmaOk
2202:32:58:667PMPlasmaOk
2302:53:17:180PMPlasmaOk
2403:05:35:120PMPlasmaOk
2503:34:07:180PMPlasmaOk
2603:50:07:820PMPlasmaOk
2704:13:26:493PMPlasmaOk
2804:27:43:760PMPlasmaOk
2904:40:11:837PMPlasmaOk
3004:52:31:447PMPlasmaOk
3105:04:48:120PMPlasmaOk

System Availability
Mar 11 2008 09:00:27:587AM
SystemAvailableCommentAvailability
Changed
OwnerDescriptionWho Can
Change
Active MHDyesFully operationalMar 28 2007 09:19PM (sears)Joe SnipesActive MHD Antennasears,snipes
BESyesvertical array of six views at R ~ 87.3 cm, radial array of three views out to R ~ 89 cm, both at outboard midplane. Three discrete fiber views of beam at R ~ 70.0, 76.5 and 82.5 cm.Feb 06 2007 10:00AM (bravenec)Ron BravenecBeam Emission Spectroscopybravenec,rowan
BolometersyesDiode 2pi working fine, foil 2pi being low-pass filtered to remove noise. Outboard miidplane AXUV fine. Midplane foils working fine, but need to fill tree with calibrations. 2D AXUV arrays are being digitized but need further debugging and calibration.Dec 19 2007 07:16PM (mlreinke)Matt ReinkeBolometershutch,mlreinke
BoronizationnoFirst Boronization 5/9/07 Bottle has been removed from the cellSep 14 2007 12:42PM (dekow)Jim IrbyBoronizationdekow,irby
CNPAyesSingle channel CNPA available as of 12/1707Dec 17 2007 05:48PM (parker)Ron ParkerCompact Neutral Analyzerparker
Cryopump - Upper DivertoryesCryopump is operationalDec 11 2007 10:13AM (labombard)Brian LaBombardUpper Divertor Cryopumpirby,labombard
CXRSyesThe pedestal toroidal array was installed, spatially and absolutely calibrated. There are 10 chords intersect the beam at the major_R_range=[74.2:86.3]cm. Spatial resolution: 1.2 cm. The F-top poloidal array was installed and spatially calibrated. There are 19 chords intersect the beam at the major_R_range=[67.8:91.0]cm. Spatial resolution: 1.22 cm.Nov 27 2007 10:21AM (bespam)Bill RowanCharge Exchange Spectroscopybespam,blip,rachmcd,rowan
D Alphayes\ha2_bright and \SPECTROSCOPY::TOP.VUV.VIS_SIGNALS:MCP_VIS_SIG1 are availableNov 26 2007 04:23PM (terry)Jim TerryBalmer Alpha Monitorirby,terry,wolfe
Dalsayesoptics repaired, camera re-installed, and view has been re-calibratedNov 27 2007 09:54AM (marmar)Earl MarmarVisible Bremsstrahlungmarmar
Disruption Mitigationno Nov 20 2007 10:47PM (granetz)Robert GranetzGas Jetgranetz,whyte
Divertor IRno Mar 06 2007 10:50AM Glen WurdenDivertor IR Digital Videogwurden,terry
Divertor IR Spectroscopyno Mar 06 2007 10:51AM Glen WurdenDivertor IR Spectroscopygwurden,terry
DNBno Nov 20 2007 10:47PM (granetz)Robert GranetzDiagnostic Neutral Beambeals,granetz
FRC-ECEyes16 Channels now working - low freq. side - outer RmidsFeb 19 2008 09:56AM (phillips)Perry PhillipsHeterodyne ECE-32 channelsphillips
G-Side RatiomaticyesGauge is operational and calibrated against G-side MKS on shot#1071127002Nov 27 2007 01:25PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardG-side ratiomatic ionization gaugelabombard,toland
GPCyesAll 9 channels operational as of new year.Jan 03 2008 09:31AM (hubbard)Amanda HubbardECE Polychromaterhubbard,schmidt
GPC2yesMost channels operational.Jan 02 2008 12:22PM (hubbard)Amanda HubbardECE Polychromaterhubbard,schmidt
GPInoNeither the Xpt-view nor the midplane-view camera is operational. Nov 26 2007 04:25PM (terry)Jim TerryGas Puff Imagingterry,zweben
H/DyesShould be operational for the FY08 campaignNov 27 2007 09:54AM (marmar)Earl MarmarH/D Ratiomarmar
Hirex Jryes Mar 06 2007 08:59AM (rice)John RiceHigh Resolution X-Rayince,rice
Hirex SrnoBe Window has a leak and so the gate valve is closedNov 23 2007 12:50PM (ince)John RiceHigh Resolution X-Rayince,rice
HXRyesSomething might be wrong with channel 26; all others working fine.Mar 23 2007 10:43AM (schmidt)Ron ParkerHard X-Ray Arrayparker,schmidt
ICRF D-Antennayesavailable (quarter-wave transformer for pre-matching)Dec 11 2007 09:01AM (ylin)Steve WukitchD-port antennawukitch,ylin
ICRF E-Antennayesavailable (with FFT for automatical matching)Dec 11 2007 09:01AM (ylin)Steve WukitchE-port antennawukitch,ylin
ICRF J-Antennayesnormally in [0,pi,pi,0] phase for heating. current drive phase available if requested.Dec 11 2007 09:03AM (ylin)Steve WukitchJ-port antennawukitch,ylin
Lower HybridyesBody I Fault Circuits Repaired and tested. High power tests completedDec 05 2007 06:40PM (dterry)Ron ParkerLower Hybriddterry,parker
LPIyes1/9/08Jan 09 2008 03:23PM (bose)Earl MarmarLithium Pellet Injectorbose,marmar
Ly-alphayesMidplane working fine, emissivity profiles being stored in tree, but still need to apply in-vessel calibrations to data. WB1-LY being digitized, but not processed in tree.Dec 09 2007 06:53PM (mlreinke)Matt ReinkeLyman alpha cameraslabombard,mlreinke
McPhersonnoProblems with detector. No quantitative line brightnesses possible. Qualitative tasks like impurity identification possible.Feb 15 2008 02:07PM (mlreinke)Jim TerryVUV Spectrometermlreinke,terry
MichelsonyesWorking, moderate speed for now.Jan 02 2008 01:19PM (hubbard)Amanda HubbardECE Te Profileshubbard,schmidt
MKSyesE-Top, E-Bottom, F-top (cryo), G-side, and B-bottom are operational. F-top gauge has a 'sniffer tube' to measure pressures in cryopump gas box.Mar 20 2007 06:42PM (g)Brian LaBombardBaratron pressure gaugeslabombard
MLPnoInitial tests on the A-port scanning probe went well. We need to take care of some control glitches that caused some component failures. May 30 2007 08:01PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardMirror Langmuir Probe Electronics Systemlabombard
MSEnoWe are basically awaiting the DNB & its new aperture. MSE itself is OK.Feb 21 2008 08:51AM (jinseok)Steve ScottMotional Stark Effectjinseok,sscott
NeutronsyesVoltage is on for the He3 bank. Voltage will be turned on for the global system at the first plasma attempts.Nov 26 2007 08:31AM (fiore)Catherine FioreNeutron Detectorsfiore
Neuts and Hardsyescalibration unchanged from 2007 campaignDec 04 2007 08:56PM (irby)Jim IrbyX-Ray/Neutron Detector at K-Horirby
NINJAyesAll capillaries displayed by the NINJA_CONTROL GUI have been tested. Nov 26 2007 04:26PM (terry)Brian LaBombardNINJA gas pufflabombard,terry
PCIyesworkingFeb 29 2008 07:00PM (lianglin)Miklos PorkolabPhase Contrast Imagingedlund,lianglin,ntsujii,porkolab
Penning GaugesyesAll gauges except B_DivL are operatingNov 27 2007 01:31PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardPenning Ionization Gaugeslabombard
Plasma TVyesWIDE1, WIDE2 (chan 33), DANT, JANT and DIV are operational.Nov 26 2007 04:27PM (terry)Jim TerryVideo of plasma via several camerasdekow,irby,terry,wolfe
PolarimeternoSafe for Machine EntrySep 14 2007 12:17PM (irby)Jim IrbyC-Mod Polarimeterirby
Probe Array - ISDyesOperationalNov 27 2007 01:40PM (labombard)Brian LabombardInner Lower Divertor Probe Arraylabombard
Probe Array - LHyesOperationalNov 27 2007 01:40PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardLower Hybrid Probe Arraylabombard
Probe Array - OSDyesOperationalNov 27 2007 01:41PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardOuter Lower Divertor Probe Arraylabombard
Probe Array - UDIVyesOperationalNov 27 2007 01:41PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardUpper Divertor Probe Arraylabombard
ReflectometeryesStarting on 1080227 All low freq. channels have been connected 50,60,75,88, 88l,88u and 110GHz. The variable freq. channel as well as the 140 have been connected and are being tested. (On 1080306, 75GHz has been disconnected because the rcvr mixer has been obsolete for the last run days)Mar 06 2008 09:11AM (dominguez)Earl MarmarReflectometerdominguez,marmar
Scanning Probe - ASPyesOperational, but needs to be checked with plasma.Nov 27 2007 01:45PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardA-Port Scanning Probelabombard
Scanning Probe - FSPyesFSP is operationalDec 11 2007 10:13AM (labombard)Brian LaBombardF-Port Scanning Probelabombard
Scanning Probe - WASPyesA- and K-port WASP electrodes have been replaced/tested.Nov 27 2007 01:44PM (labombard)Brian LaBombardInner Wall Scanning Probelabombard,nsmick
TCIyesCO2 Laser is on --- initial alignment completeNov 16 2007 01:23PM (irby)Jim IrbyTwo-Color Interferometerirby,murray
TS - Coreyes12 polychromators (#1~8,9,11,13,15), 1 laser. Density is calibrated for YAG2 on polychromator 1~8. YAG1 is not calibrated yet. Density calibration hasn't been performed on ploychromator 9~16.Feb 21 2008 11:19AM (yma)Jerry HughesCore Thomson scatteringjwhughes,yma
TS - EdgeyesSystem is working. Density is derived with last year's calibration, and should be good to within ~20%. Jan 18 2008 07:27AM (jwhughes)Jerry HughesMillimeter resolution edge Thomson scatteringjwhughes,yma
Vispecno350 and 670 nm, 4 spatial channelsNov 28 2007 09:58AM (agraf)Alex GrafVisible Spectrometeragraf
XTOMOyessystem operationalJan 10 2008 11:41AM (mlreinke)Bob GranetzX-Ray Tomographygranetz,mlreinke