Alcator C-Mod Run 930511 Information

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Miniproposals
Miniproposal:
Date Filed:
Title:
First Author:
Session Leader:Robert Granetz (shots 1-28)

Operators
Session leader(s):Robert Granetz
Physics operator(s):Joseph Snipes
Engineering operator(s):Steve Fairfax

Engineering Operator Run Comment
tests for real time data

Session Leader Plans

Physics Operators Plans

Session Leader Summaries
Entered: Jul 7 2004 03:49:06:663PM
Author: To Be Determined
Run summary for 11 May 1993:
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The first six shots were engineering tests to verify that problems which
cropped up on Saturday had been fixed (OH2 commutation, TF crowbar). These
tests were successful.

Shots 7 & 8 were our first attempts at a null today, with a toroidal field
of 4.4 T. There was an extended delay due to difficulty recooling the TF
magnet. A faulty GN2 pressure transducer was tracked down and replaced.

From about shot 9 on, all the power supplies work extremely well. Ditto for the
computer systems, alternator, etc. This gave us the opportunity to "tweak" the
programming of PF coil currents, gradually resulting in an improving null
structure. The hybrid computer controlled the OH1, OH2's, EF1's, and
EF4 using feedback on the coil currents (although PLC current limits were
being reached on some supplies), and EF3 was controlled with simple voltage
preprogramming. To avoid radial magnetic fields, the OH2 and EF1 coil pairs
had to be well-balanced (i.e. equal to within 50-100 amps.) This balance
seemed to drift apart over several shots, even though the hybrid was feeding
back on the current. (In addition, it seems that the calibration of the bus
rogowskis is only good to about +/-100 amps (that's ~0.5%). It also became
clear to me that in order to get the actual PF currents within a few percent
of the demand currents (even for near steady state conditions), the voltage
preprogramming has to be very consistent. (Looking back on my notes, I see
I made the same observation a week ago when testing out individual supplies.)
As the nulls improved, we briefly tried varying the H2 gas pressure by a
factor of 2 in both directions (4e-5 --> 2e-5 --> 8e-5 --> 4e-5 again) without
achieving breakdown.

Small adjustments in the vertical field continued to be made using EF4
and then EF3. By shot 19, the null structures were as good as we had
last year, with a somewhat higher toroidal field of 4.4 Tesla. Loop
voltage was about 13-14 volts. Shot 23 Shot 23 was perhaps even better, but
still no flash. On the continued advice of several people, including
our visiting `experts' from D-IIID, the gas pressure was raised back up
to 9e-5 torr for shot 25, resulting in the first plasma of 1993. The
last 3 shots (26, 27, 28) all had plasma, and the TF was gradually raised
to 5.0 Tesla, while the SCR re-close was moved from 25 to 40 msec after
commutation. Fill pressure was also slowly raised (0.9 --> 1.0 --> 1.1e-4)
The plasma current was only 5-10 kA. Radiated power was 15-20 kW.
The horizontal tomography array and other visible detectors indicate
that the light is moving around inside the chamber. On the last shot
(#28) the EF1's suddenly became unbalanced by 500 amps for some unknown
reason, resulting in a relatively large radial field and poor null
structure. Interestingly, we still had breakdown, although just barely,
with only 10 V of loop voltage. It seems that after the first few
breakdowns have been achieved, it becomes easier and easier to get
plasmas.

Special thanks to Steve Fairfax and the entire engineering crew for getting
the power supplies to perform so well. The all-too-necessary "tweaking"
process is impossible without reliable operation.

************ Suggested improvements/changes for next run *******************

Improve vertical field programming after the flash using EF3. I think this
might be made simpler if we turn on hybrid feedback on Bz.

Improve voltage preprogramming of some of the PF supplies so that they don't
hit the PLC limits, and so that the hybrid feedback control of coil currents
becomes even more accurate.

Move EF3 ground back to the supply cabinet.

Physics Operator Summaries

Session Leader Comments
May 11 1993 08:55:48:200AMJoseph SnipesStarting with test shots to check the fixes made yesterday. Then, we expect
to start trying to get plasmas.

May 11 1993 08:56:50:430AMJoseph SnipesReal time scope display kludged into rogowski inputs to hybrid.

May 11 1993 09:59:55:690AMRobert GranetzRun 930511. Session leader: R. Granetz
Still trying to get breakdown.

First 6 shots were engineering tests of OH1 and OH2U&L commutation switches.
Everything worked.

First plasma shot: 007
This has been programmed to be a repeat of 930508003.

May 11 1993 10:03:36:150AMRobert GranetzRun 930511. Session leader: R. Granetz
Still trying to get breakdown.

First 6 shots were engineering tests of OH1 and OH2U&L commutation switches.
Everything worked.

First plasma shot: 007
This has been programmed to be a repeat of 930508003.

May 11 1993 09:57:18:490AM930511007Joseph SnipesCommutation resistors at start of run are:
OH1 156 mohm
OH2U 45.97 mohm
OH2L 46.07 mohm
EF1U 200.8 mohm
EF1L unlabeled (analogous tap point as EF1U
Shots 1-6 engineering test shots
Shot 7 Repeat of 930508003 on Saturday except B_T = 4.4 T
OH1 voltage pre-programmed current limit = 15.5 kA
OH2U+L current feedback tau = 0.1 sec
EF1U+L " " " "
EF3 + 4 voltage preprogrammed

May 11 1993 10:08:44:110AM930511007Robert GranetzSemi-okay. OH1 and EF1U&L power supplies faulted after re-close.
OH2 worked okay, except the current drooped slightly about at -0.1 sec.
Btor=4.4 T.

May 11 1993 10:14:04:540AM930511007Robert GranetzNote: The PF breaker pulled out at t=-0.1 s. This presumably caused the droop
in OH2's and EF1's, and the slow coastdown of the OH1 and EF1's.

May 11 1993 10:59:35:340AM930511007Joseph SnipesApparent leak in the LN2 cooling since the TF coils are not cooling as
expected. Short break to check out the problem.

May 11 1993 11:42:11:840AM930511008Joseph SnipesRepeat of pulse 7 except voltage programming on OH1 reduced.
All breakers came out before commutation. Power supplies failed after
reclosing the switches.

May 11 1993 12:07:34:160PM930511008Joseph SnipesRepeat of pulse 7 except voltage programming on OH1 reduced.
All breakers came out before commutation. Power supplies failed after
reclosing the switches. Slight current imbalance in OH2's.

May 11 1993 12:26:40:350PM930511008Joseph SnipesEqualizing OH2's, making their flattops 0.5 s long, reprogrammed voltage on
OH1 to have an inversion. Hit integral limit on OH1

May 11 1993 12:27:09:110PM930511009Joseph SnipesEqualizing OH2's, making their flattops 0.5 s long, reprogrammed voltage on
OH1 to have an inversion. Hit integral limit on OH1

May 11 1993 12:56:44:600PM930511010Joseph SnipesShot 10
Slightly lower OH2 voltage programming and made them equal. OH1 current
feedback turned on.

May 11 1993 01:02:16:030PM930511010Joseph SnipesShot 10
OH2U+L switch reopened at -1.5 s due to OH1 turning on hard.


May 11 1993 01:21:45:320PM930511011Joseph SnipesShot 11
Delayed OH1 turn on by 15-20 ms. Reasonably good shot, but too much VF.

May 11 1993 01:40:16:660PM930511012Joseph SnipesShot 12
Turn on current feedback control of EF4. Initial rate of rise of OH1 reduced.
Dropped voltage demand a little on OH2's. Shot improved a bit, but the null
still needs some work.

May 11 1993 01:54:31:440PM930511013Joseph SnipesShot 13
Raised EF4U by 100 A. Invert OH1 a little harder.

May 11 1993 01:59:48:460PM930511013Joseph SnipesShot 13
Reasonably good shot, somewhat improved, but still needs tweaking to get the
null right.

May 11 1993 02:10:00:110PM930511014Joseph SnipesShot 14
Add another 100 A to EF4U on programming demand. Lower EF1's by 500 A each.

May 11 1993 02:18:19:170PM930511014Joseph SnipesShot 14
Not bad. HUTCH thinks we need to reduce the radial field.

May 11 1993 02:26:47:250PM930511015Joseph SnipesShot 15
Increase gains on EF1's and EF4's to try to match programming. Extended front
porch on OH2's.

May 11 1993 02:36:07:650PM930511015Joseph SnipesShot 15
Looks good. Need to tweak down the horizontal field.

May 11 1993 02:39:52:250PM930511016Joseph SnipesShot 16
Lowering EF1L by 100 A.
Raising gain a little more on EF4 to try to match programming.

May 11 1993 02:45:46:290PM930511016Joseph SnipesShot 16
Looks reasonably good, but still too much horizontal field.

May 11 1993 02:53:29:560PM930511017Joseph SnipesShot 17
Lowering EF1L by 100 A to reduce horizontal field. Large errors after 2.5 s
are causing cross-talk on the hybrid. Current programming changed after 2.5 s
to more closely match what we are getting.

May 11 1993 02:58:08:800PM930511017Joseph SnipesShot 17
Reasonably good null. Still, no breakdown.

May 11 1993 03:07:19:920PM930511018Joseph SnipesShot 18
Vertical field to ramp negative more slowly by changing EF3 voltage
pre-programming.

May 11 1993 03:14:09:610PM930511018Joseph SnipesShot 18
Not bad but still no breakdown.

May 11 1993 03:21:25:910PM930511019Joseph SnipesShot 19
Reducing fill pressure to 2 x 10**-5 torr. Tweaking EF1U up by 50 A.

May 11 1993 03:26:27:740PM930511019Joseph SnipesShot 19
Still no breakdown. Tony Taylor suggests increasing the fill pressure.

May 11 1993 03:32:59:440PM930511019Joseph SnipesShot 19
Best null yet!

May 11 1993 03:36:55:980PM930511020Joseph SnipesShot 20
Increasing fill pressure to 8 x 10**-5 torr.

May 11 1993 03:46:31:990PM930511020Joseph SnipesShot 20
Still no breakdown.

May 11 1993 03:56:44:870PM930511021Joseph SnipesShot 21
Lowering OH2L by 200 A to rebalance upper and lower. Fill pressure returned
to 4 x 10**-5 torr. EF3 voltage pre-programming lowered by 25 V. Gains on
EF1's changed from 2 to 2.5.

May 11 1993 04:01:03:470PM930511021Joseph SnipesShot 21
Still no breakdown.

May 11 1993 04:06:46:770PM930511022Joseph SnipesShot 22
OH1U increased 100 A, EF4 increased by 100 A.

May 11 1993 04:25:02:300PM930511022Joseph SnipesShot 22
Still no breakdown. Fair null. Some PF power supplies faulted after
commutation. Discovered that we were programming EF4L but feeding back on
EF4U, so feedback was unaffected by our changes in pre-programming.

May 11 1993 04:27:51:200PM930511023Joseph SnipesShot 23
Feedback is now connected to EF4L. OH2U increased 100 A, OH2L decreased 100 A.

May 11 1993 04:34:50:660PM930511023Joseph SnipesShot 23
Best null yet!! Still, no breakdown.

May 11 1993 04:41:11:080PM930511024Joseph SnipesShot 24
Increased EF4 current by 50 A, increasing vertical field. Decreased the rate
at which EF3 drives vertical field negative again. Raised current limit on
OH2L by 200 A.

May 11 1993 04:50:32:990PM930511024Joseph SnipesShot 24
Pretty null!! Still, no breakdown. Seems like we need more Vloop.

May 11 1993 04:55:49:440PM930511024Joseph SnipesShot 25
Increase fill pressure to 9 x 10**-5 torr. First Plasma!!!!


May 11 1993 05:09:46:300PM930511026Joseph SnipesShot 26
Switches set to close at 40 ms rather than 25 ms. TF increased about 7%.

May 11 1993 05:17:17:820PM930511026Joseph SnipesShot 26
Second plasma!!!! Almost 8 kA of plasma current for about 15 ms.

May 11 1993 05:20:28:760PM930511027Joseph SnipesShot 27
Fill pressure increased to 1 x 10**-4 torr. Voltage pre-programming on EF3
has been adjusted so that B_z does not go as negative as it has been going.

May 11 1993 05:26:00:850PM930511027Joseph SnipesShot 27
Third plasma!!! We've set things up pretty well for the boss tomorrow.
Increasing fill pressure makes plasma break down earlier now at about 7 msec
and lasts about 23 msec.

May 11 1993 05:32:26:450PM930511028Joseph SnipesShot 28
EF3 programming changed to agree better with shot 26 so that B_Z goes negative
a little faster. B_T increasing by another 7.5% to about 5 T.

May 11 1993 05:35:57:720PM930511028Joseph SnipesShot 28
Wimpy plasma compared to the first three. Still, not a bad day's work.

May 11 1993 05:42:27:590PM930511028Joseph SnipesShot 28
EF4 power supply fault resulted in the wimpy plasma.

May 11 1993 05:43:52:740PM930511028Joseph SnipesShot 28
Correction!!! EF1 power supply fault resulted in the wimpy plasma.

Physics Operator Comments

Engineering Operator Comments
ShotTimeTypeStatusComment
107:35:40:480AMTestOktest for real time data
207:41:29:290AMTestOktest for real time data
307:56:50:100AMTestOktest for real time data
408:02:44:820AMTestOktest for real time data
508:47:44:450AMTestBadTest of Cop Bank Voltage feedback OK; Magnet resistance and ground falut
609:10:18:020AMTestOkOH1 closed circuit and oh2 commutation test OK
709:53:49:730AMPlasmaBadPF circuit breaker tripped; no power supply faults
811:24:42:650AMPlasmaOkTF breaker tripped late in inversion
912:11:23:640PMPlasmaOkAll suplies OK; low AC tripped units after bilp
1012:37:06:220PMPlasmaOkAlternator field breakersa tripping; reset limits from 1200 to 1800 amps
1112:59:56:750PMPlasmaOkAll power supplies OK
1201:27:44:810PMPlasmaOkAll power supplies OK; physics operator tuning null
1301:49:56:000PMPlasmaOkGood shot with more TF inversion; still no flash
1402:07:45:400PMPlasmaOkTF inverting harder; still no flash
1502:22:51:920PMPlasmaOkTF inversion margin now 35 degrees; everything OK, still no plasma
1602:37:38:300PMPlasmaOkAll power supplies OK
1702:52:20:950PMPlasmaOk"Good Null" sez physics, but still no plasma. All power supplies OK
1803:06:19:560PMPlasmaOkOH1 1 scr out; all others OK; no plasma
1903:20:37:100PMPlasmaOkgas fill changed to 2e-5; still no plasma
2003:35:59:550PMPlasmaOkNull is so good Grad-Shafranov solver shows 3 kA plasma current but stil
2103:52:52:030PMPlasmaOkEF1L commutation fault
2204:06:02:460PMPlasmaOkef1l crobar after blip
2304:25:20:380PMPlasmaOkEF1L Commutation fail after blip; excellent null; no flash
2404:39:41:110PMPlasmaOkNo faults; no plasma
2504:52:45:440PMPlasmaOkflash!
2605:08:51:680PMPlasmaOkFlash; about 10 kA
2705:19:13:070PMPlasmaOkflash; 136 kA in TF; no faults
2805:31:16:520PMPlasmaOkflash despite 500 amp imbalance in EF1 curreents at commutation