Alcator C-Mod Run 931019 Information

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Miniproposals
Miniproposal:050
Date Filed: 4/8/1994
Title:Trace Impurity Transport (Laser Ablation Impurity Injection)
First Author:Michael Graf
Session Leader:Michael Graf (shots 1-28)
Session Leader:Jim Terry (shots 1-28)

Operators
Session leader(s):Michael Graf,Jim Terry
Physics operator(s):Earl Marmar
Engineering operator(s):Vinny Bertolino

Engineering Operator Run Comment
laser ablation

Session Leader Plans

Physics Operators Plans

Session Leader Summaries
Entered: Jul 7 2004 03:49:09:290PM
Author: To Be Determined
Run summary for 931019.

Session leaders: Graf/Terry
Physics operator: Marmar

Objectives: Observe impurity transport (injected via laser blow-off)
while performing various parameter scans (esp. current, density,
background gas).

Shots 4-13 constituted a current scan at roughly fixed density (about nl=6e19).
Shots 14-23 constituted a density scan at roughly fixed current (about 850 kA).
Shots 25-28 constituted a change in background gas mass scan with Helium being
puffed through the divertor.

001 good shot, 900 kA, no scheduled injections, natual Mo at .43
002 OK shot, 950 kA, scheduled injection of Sc at .55, disruption at
.55 (not initiated by Sc injection--yeah, right)
003 good shot, 870 kA, no Sc injection, lots of nat'l iron though
004 good shot, 890 kA, Sc injection at .55, nl=6.3e19 at time of
injection
005 good shot, 650 kA, Sc inj at .55, nl=6.0e19
006 good shot, 650 kA, Sc inj at .55, nl=6e19
007 good shot, 480 kA, Sc inj at .55, nl=5e19, Li pellet at .7
008 good shot, 420 kA, Sc inj at .55, nl=5e19, Li pellet at .7
009 OK shot, nat'l Mo inj at .34, disr'n at .54
010 good shot, 900 kA, Sc inj at .55, nl=6e19, Li pellet at .7
011 good shot, 1 Ma, Sc at .55, nl=7e19
012 early disruption, no useful injection data
013 1 MA, disr'n at .7, Sc inj at .57, nat'l Mo early on--ugly soft x-ray signals
014 good shot, 850 kA, Sc at .57, nl=7e19
015 good shot, 850 kA, Sc at .57, nl=1.7e19 (start of density scan)
016 good shot, 845 kA, Sc at .57, nl=1.3e19
017 good shot, 845 kA, Sc at .57, nl=8.3e19 (achieved through divertor puffing of D2)
018 good shot, 850 kA, Sc at .82 (post flame-out), nl=1.4e20
019 good shot, 830 kA, Sc at .82, nl=1.4e20 (div puffing), inj occurred post flame-out
020 good shot, 850 kA, Sc at .82 (post flame-out), nl=1.4e20
021 early disruption, no useful injection data
022 good shot, 840 kA, attempt a Mo injection at .85, nl=1.8e20, Li pellet at .95
023 good shot, 850 kA, Mo inj at .55, Li pellet at .65, nl=5e19 before pellet
024 early disrup'n (.45 sec)--no useful injection data
025 good shot, 855 kA, Sc inj at .80, nl=9e19 (achieved through divertor puff of He)
026 good shot, 860 kA, Sc at .80, nl=5.5e19 with div puff of He again, Li pellet at .9
027 good shot, 840 kA, Sc at .8, nl=1.3e20 with He through divertor
028 good shot, 813 kA, Sc at .8, nl=1.7e20 with He through divertor

This run was highly successful from the point of view of meeting the goals
established beforehand. We managed to complete a current scan (and hence a
q* scan) over about a factor of about 2.5. Alcator C results say that the
impurity particle confinement time should go linearly with (1/q*)--the data
we took on this day show that on CMOD, that scaling is not as strong.
Alcator C also noticed no real density scaling; our data today may or may
not indicate a density scaling, depending on how we treat changing Zeff.
The data obtained with changing mass of the background gas are difficult to
interpret, but the confinement time does not appear to scale linearly with
mass of the background gas as it did on C.
Other possible scalings not investigated include kappa (which was fixed at
about 1.56 throughout the entire run).
Some analysis will also be undertaken to determine penetration efficiencies
of the impurities during changing background conditions.



Physics Operator Summaries
Entered: Jul 7 2004 04:36:50:490PM
Author: To Be Determined
Summary of run 931019

Impurity transport with current and density scans, and gas
Piggyback -- Lithium pellets

PO: Marmar
SL: Graf
Asst: Terry
Eng: Bertolino

This was a successful run with neither fizzles nor duds. Of the 28 plasma
shots, 24 were appropriate for the impurity injection experiment. The
plasma current was scanned from .42MA (shot 8) to 1.01MA (11); this was
done entirely by changing the I_p waveform in the feedback. In
deuterium, the density was scanned from nel=1.6e19 (15) to
1.9e20 (22). There was also helium fueling on shots 24 through 28. Fueling
to high density was done through the divertor capillary system, with the
A-side valve being used only for the early gas puffing.

On the piggy-back experiment, lithium pellets were successfully fired on
12 shots, with 2 of these coming after the plasma had already disrupted.
Reliability of the gun was 5/7 for the small pellets and 7/7 for
the larger pellets. The time of flight and ablation diagnostics worked
well. The large pellets penetrated beyond the magnetic axis and on shot 23
a snake was observed with the tomography. The plasmas survived the pellets
well, as long as the target density was not too low and injection occurred
well before the end of the shot when the current was already starting to
droop. Shot 23 also shows evidence of x-ray peaking and beta_p and the
diamagnetic flux also increase after the pellet. This successfully
completes the LPI checkout mini-proposal, but the OMA was not working.
A summary of LPI shots follows:

Shot size time result
6 sm .7 no pellet
7 sm .7 delta nel=3e19
8 sm .7 " " =8.2e19
9 lg .7 plasma disrupted before pellet
10 lg .7 delta nel = 13e19, minor disruptions after pellet
15 lg .7 prompt disruption (target nel = 1.7e19)
16 sm .7 prompt disruption ( " " = 1.2e19)
19 lg .93 delta nel = 11.4e19, prompt disrupt
20 sm .93 no pellet
21 sm .93 disrupt before pellet
22 sm .93 delta nel = 7.9e19
23 lg .65 " " = 10.8e19 (snake)
26 lg .92 " " = 15.2e19
28 lg .92 " " = 11.1e19, prompt disrupt

Session Leader Comments
Oct 19 1993 09:23:55:940AMJim TerryThe purpose of this run is the study of trace impurity transport.
We plan to inject (via laser blow-off) the trace impurities Sc, Mo,
and Si. We will look at their confinment by looking at them with
HIREX, the McPherson, the soft-x-ray arrays, and (for Mo) the
Moly Monitor. We will first look at confinement scaling vs q by
varying I_p, then we will sit at one (intermediate) current and
look at the impurity confinement time at 'low' (nel<5x10^19)
and 'high' (nel~1.5x10^20) density. If things go very well,
we will attempt to check the mass scaling by puffing He as
the working gas.

Oct 19 1993 09:30:31:740AM931019001Jim TerryBig Mo injection (natural) at 435 ms.
Very good shot.

Oct 19 1993 11:37:08:770AM931019001Robert GranetzThis shot is a good candidate for a fiducial shot at 0.87 MA. The
pre-fill was 1.3e-5, deuterium.

Oct 19 1993 09:56:16:150AM931019002Jim TerryShot disrupted after big Mo injection (natural) at 535 ms.

Oct 19 1993 10:00:37:310AM931019003Jim TerryShot OK, I_p max was .860 MA. nel was about 5x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 10:25:38:870AM931019004Jim TerryGood Sc inj at 550 ms, I_p was 0.85 MA, nel was 6.25x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 10:41:57:630AM931019005Jim TerryGood Sc inj at 550 ms, I_p was 0.66 MA, nel was 5.8x10^19.

Physics Operator Comments
Oct 19 1993 09:29:26:750AM931019001Jim TerryLoaded shot 931014024 in.
We are puffing D_2 from A side.
Fill is 1.3e-5 from A side
Good shot - I_p=.889 MA, nel~8x10^19
There was a big Mo injection (natural) at 435 ms.
shot lasted 1.3 seconds.

Oct 19 1993 10:02:52:690AM931019001Jim TerryRF limiter was at 92 cm, antenna was at 94 cm

Oct 19 1993 11:36:58:680AM931019001Robert GranetzThis shot is a good candidate for a fiducial shot at 0.87 MA. The
pre-fill was 1.3e-5, deuterium.

Oct 19 1993 11:10:34:260AM931019002Jim TerryLowered the puffed gas slightly,
Shot disrupted at 535ms as a result of a Mo (or Fe) injection.
There was also a natural injection at 284 ms.
Just before the disruption, I_p was 0.0.827 MA, nel was 3.0x10^19

Oct 19 1993 11:14:36:520AM931019003Jim TerryIncreased the puffed gas because we believe the last shot disrupted
because the density was too low.
Multiple Mo and Fe injections early.
I_p max was 0.86 MA, nel at 550 ms was 3.6x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 10:24:19:780AM931019004Jim TerryRF limiter was moved back from 92 cm to 93 cm, antenna is still at
94 cm.
We have increased the puffed gas slightly.
Good shot - I_p max = 0.878 MA, nel (at Sc inj) was
Good Sc injection at 550 ms.
Disrupted at 1.05 sec.

Oct 19 1993 10:41:23:230AM931019005Jim TerryPF supplies tripped out after the last shot - was reset.
Reduced the demanded I_p flattop value to around 600 kA.
Good shot - I_p max = 0.660 MA, nel (at Sc inj) was 5.8x10^19.
Good Sc injection at 550 ms.
Good current ramp-down, shot lasted 1.3 sec.

Oct 19 1993 11:06:54:590AM931019006Jim TerryUpped the pulsed gas early (at 77 ms) in order to get rid of the
non-thermal emission seen by the ECE.
At Sc injection, I_p was 0.65 MA, nel was 6.0x10^19
Good Sc inj at 550 ms, I_p was 0.66 MA, nel was 5.8x10^19.
Good shot,
Li pellet attempt at 700 ms, No pellet seen.

Oct 19 1993 11:24:46:580AM931019007Jim TerryIncreased the puffed gas slightly at 77 ms.
Lowered the I_p programming to ask for 0.45 MA flattop.
Good shot - I_p at Sc inj was 0.48 MA, nel (at Sc inj) was 4.9x10^19.
Good Sc inj at 550 ms.
Two small Li pellets at 700 ms!!!

Oct 19 1993 11:43:14:140AM931019008Jim TerryReduced the I_p programming to ask for 400 kA.
Good shot - I_p (at Sc inj) was 0.42 MA, nel=4.4x10^19 (at Sc inj).
Li pellet at 700ms.

Oct 19 1993 11:56:34:780AM931019009Jim TerryIncreased the feedback gain in the time before 100ms (was 0, now to 5)
Changed the I_p programming to ask for 0.9 MA flattop.
Shot disrupted at 560 ms due to (natural) Mo injection at 540.
I_p just before disruption 0.89 MA, nel was 6.6x10^19.
This is very similar to what happened on shot 002.

Oct 19 1993 12:19:10:220PM931019010Jim TerryRaised the fill pressure from 1.3e-5 to 1.4e-5.
Changed the Z_cur programming from -3 cm to -2,5 cm.
I_p programming kept the same (0.9 MA flattop).
Good shot up to Li pellet inj at 700 ms, then just OK.
(natural) Mo injection at 330ms
I_p (at Sc inj) was 0.90 MA.
TCI chans 4 and 5 were not available, but nel (chan 3) was about 7x10^19.
Li pellet at 700 ms

Oct 19 1993 12:52:48:260PM931019011Jim TerryChanged z_cur programming from -2.5 cm to 2.0 cm.
Changed I_p programming to ask for 1 MA.
Good Shot until disruption at 870 ms.
I_p max was 1.03 MA
I_p at Sc inj was 1.0 MA, nel (chan 5 - at inj) was 6.6x10^19

Oct 19 1993 12:48:22:690PM931019012Jim TerryChanged I_p to begin ramping down from 1 MA at 700ms.
Poor shot, disrupted at 170 ms, after big injections at 110 ms
I_p max was 0.3 MA.

Oct 19 1993 12:55:31:330PM931019012Jim TerryChanged z_cur programming from -2.0 cm to -1.5 cm.

Oct 19 1993 01:12:06:850PM931019013Jim TerryChanged z_cur programming back to that of shot 011 (from -1.5 cm to -2.0 cm.
Disrupted at 800 ms after the current was being ramped down.
I_p max was 1.04 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (570 ms) was 1.02MA, nel (at the inj)
was 4.0x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 01:23:51:760PM931019014Jim TerryRaised the prefill from 1.3 to 1.4e-5 Torr.
Changed I_p programming to ask for a .85 MA flattop.
Reduced the pulsed gas programming in hopes of lowering the density.
Disrupted at 1.03 s as the current was being ramped down.
I_p max was 0.863 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (570 ms) was 0.85 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 6.6x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 01:41:05:670PM931019015Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Reduced the pulsed gas programming in hopes of lowering the density.
Disrupted at 730 ms after the Li pellet.
I_p max was 0.85 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (570 ms) was 0.85 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 1.6x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 01:59:51:420PM931019016Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Increased the pulsed gas programming slightly, but this didn't seem to
increase the density.
Disrupted at 730 ms after the Li pellet.
I_p max was 0.854 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (570 ms) was 0.844 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 1.33x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 02:21:25:210PM931019017Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Loaded the pulsed gas programming from shot 931014016 and puffed
gas thru capillary #9 (private flux) - plenum pressure was 20.3 psi
Disrupted at 1.1 s
I_p max was 0.847 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (570 ms) was 0.847 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 8.01x10^19.
'Flame-out' transition at 716 ms. Max nel was 1.36x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 02:33:00:780PM931019018Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
All programming the same as the last shot.
Disrupted at 1.05 s
I_p max was 0.84 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (820 ms) was 0.830 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 1.4x10^20.
'Flame-out' transition at 680 ms. Max nel was 1.46x10^19.

Oct 19 1993 02:53:35:960PM931019019Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Increased the pulsed gas early in an attempt to fill in the density
trough at 250 ms. Increased the I_p ramp down rate in order to avoid
the disruption during the ramp-down. Changed the current ramp-up to
smooth out the current rise.
Fast Scanning Probe (FSP) in at 500 ms.

Disrupted at 950 ms
I_p max was 0.84 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (820 ms) was 0.830 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 1.4x10^20.
'Flame-out' transition at 720 ms. Max nel was 1.47x10^19.
There seems to be no natural injection which has triggered the
flame out.

Oct 19 1993 03:05:18:310PM931019020Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Fast Scanning Probe (FSP) in at 810 ms.

Disrupted at 1.11s
I_p max was 0.85 MA.
I_p at Sc injection (820 ms) was 0.84 MA, nel (at the inj)
was 1.28x10^20.
'Flame-out' transition at 786 ms. Max nel was 1.42x10^19.
There seems to be no natural injection which has triggered the
flame out.

Oct 19 1993 03:29:04:660PM931019021Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Moved the capillary open time 100 ms earlier (to 100 ms) and increasing the plenum
pressure to 25 psi. A-side valve programming unchanged.
Lengthened the I_p flattop to just beyond 1 s.
Disrupted at 356 ms from too much gas early.

Oct 19 1993 03:48:50:790PM931019022Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary plenum pressure still 25 psi, but moved back to open at 200 ms.
A-side valve programming unchanged.
Attempted a Mo injection at 850 ms. We saw only a small rise on the
Moly Monitor.
Li pellet pushed it over the edge at 940 ms.
I_p max of 0.834 MA.
Very high gas puffed density of 2.0x10^20.
First shot with an Argon puff

Oct 19 1993 03:51:09:370PM931019022Jim Terry'Flame out' at 570 ms. The earliest transition so far.

Oct 19 1993 04:10:25:170PM931019023Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Shut off the capillary gas puff and programmed the A-side valve
copied from shot 931019002
The Mo injection at 550 ms was very good, seen on Zeff as well.
Good Li pellet (with snake) at 650 ms.
I_p max of 0.866 MA.
I_p (at the Mo inj) was 0.850 MA, nel (at the inj) 5.9x10^19.
Argon puff.

Oct 19 1993 04:18:31:890PM931019024Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary #9 WITH He !!!! gas (opening at 200 ms) was used with a
plenum pressure of 15 psi. A-side valve programming copied from
shot 931019022.

Disruption at 397 ms. (Pushed over the edge from either too much gas
and/or a Mo injection.
I_p max of 0.767 MA.
Argon puff.

Oct 19 1993 04:36:53:120PM931019025Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary #9 WITH He gas (opening at 200 ms) was used with a
plenum pressure of 9 psi. A-side valve programming still the same.

Good shot - I_p max of 0.86 MA.
Good Sc inj at 800 ms (I_p = 0.86 MA, nel=9.0x10^19)
No 'flame out' seen at these densities in He.
Argon puff.

Oct 19 1993 04:47:50:680PM931019026Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary #9 WITH He gas (opening at 200 ms) was used with a
plenum pressure reduced of 5.6 psi.
A-side valve programming still the same.

Good shot - I_p max of 0.86 MA.
Good Sc inj at 800 ms (I_p = 0.86 MA, nel=5.7x10^19).
Not much of this density is He however.
No 'flame out'.

Oct 19 1993 05:09:41:930PM931019027Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary #9 WITH He gas (opening at 200 ms) was used with a
plenum pressure reduced of 12.0 psi.
A-side valve programming still the same.

Good shot - I_p max of 0.84 MA, lasting 1.068 s
Good Sc inj at 800 ms (I_p = 0.84 MA, nel=1.31x10^20).
'Flame out' very late.

Oct 19 1993 05:23:44:750PM931019028Jim TerryPrefill still at 1.4e-5 Torr.
Capillary #9 WITH He gas (opening at 200 ms) was used with a
plenum pressure increased to 14.4 psi.
A-side valve programming still the same.

Good shot - I_p max of 0.832 MA, lasting 0.932 s (pushed over
the edge by the Li pellet.
Good Sc inj at 800 ms (I_p = 0.822 MA, nel=1.59x10^20).
'Flame out' transition at 712 ms, another transition at
800 ms triggered by the Sc injection.

Engineering Operator Comments
ShotTimeTypeStatusComment
108:57:41:020AMPlasmaOkno faults
209:33:51:440AMPlasmaOkno faults
309:52:10:660AMPlasmaOkno faults
410:12:35:730AMPlasmaOkEF1L comm fault due to disruption
510:32:53:330AMPlasmaOkno faults
610:52:44:590AMPlasmaOkno faults
711:13:51:030AMPlasmaOkno faults
811:31:21:920AMPlasmaOkno faults
911:48:48:080AMPlasmaOkno faults
1012:06:36:120PMPlasmaOkno faults
1112:24:09:650PMPlasmaOkno faults
1212:41:48:610PMPlasmaOkno faults
1312:58:35:520PMPlasmaOkno faults
1401:15:05:570PMPlasmaOkno faults
1501:32:31:450PMPlasmaOkno faults
1601:48:04:560PMPlasmaOkno faults
1702:04:50:020PMPlasmaOkno faults
1802:21:45:480PMPlasmaOkno faults
1902:38:49:790PMPlasmaOkdisruption with ef1L comm fault
2002:55:57:690PMPlasmaOkno faults
2103:13:14:330PMPlasmaOkno faults
2203:28:44:510PMPlasmaOkno faults
2303:47:17:010PMPlasmaOkno faults
2404:05:37:630PMPlasmaOkno faults
2504:19:55:940PMPlasmaOkno faults
2604:37:16:050PMPlasmaOkno faults
2704:54:27:450PMPlasmaOkno faults
2805:11:06:770PMPlasmaOkno faults