Senior Research Scientist
MIT - Plasma Science and Fusion Center
Email: g@psfc.mit.edu
Phone: (617) 253-6053
Address: NW17-107
Research Interests
Experimental studies of magnetically confined plasmas including turbulence and transport, density limits and pellet fueling. Data management, computation, networks and remote collaborations for scientific research.
Biographical Sketch
Dr. Greenwald received bachelor degrees in Physics and Chemistry from MIT in 1973 and a PhD. in Physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1978. He joined the Plasma Fusion Center in 1978 and has conducted physics research on the Alcator A, C, and C-Mod tokamaks, including studies of energy and particle transport, pellet fueling, density limits, neutral particle measurements, and studies of energetic ion dynamics. He was part of the design team for Alcator C-Mod. His recent work has focused on the role of critical gradients in determining plasma temperature profiles, on the EDA H-mode regime, and on the role of turbulent transport in determining the tokamak density limit. This latter work is aimed toward defining a "first principals" theory for the limit with the long term goal of obtaining reliable predictions and extrapolations to future machines.
Dr. Greenwald's work in pellet fueling on Alcator C included the discovery of a new regime of enhanced energy and particle confinement. This was the first attainment of an internal transport barrier in a tokamak which is recognized as one of two generic approaches (along with H-Mode) to improving tokamak confinement. Because of the correlation with peaked density profile, the work spurred interest in the hi or Ion Thermal Gradient driven (ITG) mode, now believed to be the principal mechanism for anomalous transport in tokamaks
Dr. Greenwald is head of the Office of Computer Services for MIT's Plasma Science & Fusion Center (PSFC), heads the group responsible for data acquisition and computing for the Alcator C-Mod project and leads the transport program for that experiment . He is currently the chairman of the Federal Advisory Committee for Fusion Energy Sciences (FESAC). Dr. Greenwald is a member of the Program Advisory Committees for the CPES and SWIM fusion simulation projects . He is an APS Fellow and APS/DPP Distinguished Lecturer in Plasma Physics.
Selected
Publications and Presentations
“Priorities,
Gaps and Opportunities: Towards a Long-Range Strategic Plan for
Magnetic Fusion
Energy”, M. Greenwald, R. Callis, D., W.
Dorland, D. Gates, J. Harris, R. Linford,
M. Mauel, K. McCarthy, D. Meade, F. Najmabadi, W. Nevins, J. Sarff, M.
Ulrickson, M. Zarnstorff, S. Zinkle, FESAC report DOE/SC-102 (2007).
“The
ITER CODAC conceptual design”, Lister, J. B., Farthing,
J. W., Greenwald, M., Yonekawa,
"Particle Transport at Low Collisionality on Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, J. Hughes, D. Mikkelsen, J. Terry, K. Zhurovich, Alcator Group, TTF, 2007
"Fusion Energy: Promise and
Prospects", (PPT) Seminar at Thayer School of
Engineering, Dartmouth College, May 2006
"A tour of transport research on
Alcator C-Mod", Seminar at U. Texas, April 2006
"Confinement and Transport Research in
Alcator C-Mod", Fusion Science and Technology, 2006
"Visions
for Data Management and Remote Collaboration on ITER",
M. Greenwald, et al., Proceedings of the 10th International Conference
on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems.
(Vugraphs of
Presentation)
(Vugraphs of CRPP
Presentation)
"Overview
of
Alcator C-Mod Program", M. Greenwald, et al., Nuclear
Fusion, 45, S109, (2005) IAEA
FEC, 2004..
(Vugraphs of Presentation)
"Core
and Edge Transport in Alcator C-Mod: Connections Across the Separatrix",
Columbia University - Plasma Physics Colloquium, 2005.
"Turbulence
and Transport: The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement", M.
Greenwald, presented at MIT-PSFC IAP, 2005.
"Velocity
Fields of Edge/SOL Turbulence in Alcator C-Mod", J. Terry,
S. Zweben, O. Grulke, M. Greenwald, B. LaBombard, J. Nucl. Mat., 337-339, 322, 2005.
"Beyond
Benchmarking: How Experiments and
Simulations Can Work Together in Plasma Physics" , M.
Greenwald,
Computer Physics Communications, 164,
(2004), 1-8
(Review Talk - Vugraphs of
Presentation)
"Rotation,
SOL Flows and the Topology Dependence of the H-Mode Threshold",
M. Greenwald, A. Hubbard, B. LaBombard, J. Rice, APS 2004.
"Migration
of Alcator C-Mod Computer Infrastructure to Linux", T.
Fredian, M. Greenwald, J. Stillerman, Fusion Eng & Design, 71, 89, 2004.
"SOL Flows
Coupled to the Core as an Explanation for the Up-Down Asymmetry in the
L/H Threshold", M. Greenwald, B. Labombard, A. Hubbard, J.
Rice, J. Hughes, presented at the TTF workshop, 2004.
"Core and
Edge Transport in Alcator C-Mod: Connections Across the Separatrix",
M. Greenwald, UCSD - Plasma Physics Seminar, 2004.
"Internal
Transport Barrier Production and Control in Alcator C-Mod",
C. Fiore, P. Bonoli, D. Ernst, M. Greenwald, et al., PPCF, 46, B281, 2004.
"Recent
Highlights from the Alcator C-Mod Program", M. Greenwald,
Alcator Team, APS 2003.
"Transitions
of Turbulence in Plasma Density Limits", X. Xu, W. Nevins,
T. Rognlien, R. Bulmer, M. Greenwald, A. Mahdavi, L. Pearlstein, P.
Snyder, Phys. Plasmas, 10,
1773, 2003.
"Turbulence,
Transport and the Density Limit in Magnetic Fusion Experiments",
M. Greenwald, presented at Dartmouth College Plasma Physics Seminar,
2003.
"EU-US
Transport Task Force Workshop on Transport in Fusion Plasmas: Transport
Near Operational Limits", J. Connor, X. Garbert, L.
Giannone, M. Greenwald, C. Hidalgo, A. Loarte, P. Mantica, PPCF, 45, 455, 2003.
"Observation
of Anomalous Momentum Transport in Tokamak Plasmas with No Momentum
Input", W. Lee, J. Rice, E. Marmar, M. Greenwald, I.
Hutchinson, J. Snipes, PRL 91,
205003/1, 2003.
“Review:
Density limits in toroidal plasmas�, M. Greenwald,
Plasma
Physics and Controlled Fusion, 44,
pgs. R27-R80, 2002.
"Edge
Turbulence and Transport as a Possible Cause of the Tokamak Density
Limit", M. Greenwald, B. Labombard, APS 2002.
"H-Mode
Pedestal Characteristics and MHD Stability of the Edge Plasma in
Alcator C-Mod", PPCF, 44,
423, 2002.
"Experimental
Validation of Similarity in High-Temperature Plasmas", T.
Luce, c. Petty, J. Cordey, B. Balet, R. Budny, M. Greenwald, J.
Schachter, Nucl. Fusion, 42,
1193, 2002.
"Edge
Turbulence and Transport as a possible cause of the tokamak density
limit", M. Greenwald, Preview Talk, 9th Eu-US TTF Workshop,
2002.
"Turbulence
and Transport: The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement", M.
Greenwald, presented at Oberlin College Physics Department, 2002.
"Density
Limits in Toroidal Plasmas", M. Greenwald, Review Talk, APS
2001.
"Transport
in EDA H-Mode and its Relation to Fluctuations and the Microstability
of the Pedestal", M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, J. Hastie, et al,
presented at TTF workshop 2001.
"Particle
Transport in the SOL and its Relationship to Discharge Density Limit in
Alcator C-Mod", B. LaBombard, R. Boiving, M. Greenwald, et
al, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 2107,
2001.
"Studies
of EDA H-Mode in Alcator C-Mod" M.
Greenwald, et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42 No 5A (May
2000) A263-A269
"Transport in
EDA H-mode and its relation to fluctuations and the microstability of
the pedestal", M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, R. Granetz, APS 2000.
"Particle
transport driven by quasi-coherent fluctuations in EDA H-modes on
Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, C. Fiore, et al.,
EU-US TTF 2000.
“Fusion
Plasmas�,
Encyclopedia
of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, John
Webster - editor, published by John
Wiley & Sons, New York (1999)
"Highlights
of the Alcator C-Mod Transport Experiments", M. Greenwald,
presented at Plasma Physics Seminar at Courant Institute, NYU, 1999.
"Studies of EDA H-Mode in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, A. Hubbard, B. LaBombard, et al., APS 1999.
"Highlights of Alcator C-Mod Transport Experiments", M. Greenwald, PPPL Theory Seminar, 1999.
"Studies of EDA H-mode in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, C. Fiore, et al., H-Mode Workshop, 1999.
"H-Mode regimes and observations of central toroidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod" M. Greenwald, J. Rice, et al., Proceedings of IAEA 17th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Yokohama (1998), Vol. 1, (2000), 281.
(Vugraphs from Presentation)
"Transport Studies on C-Mod and Relevance to High-Field Ignition Experiments", M. Greenwald, presented at workshop of US Ignitor Working Group, 1999.
"Transport Phenomena in Alcator C-Mod H-Modes", M. Greenwald, J. Schachter, W. Dorland, et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 40, (1998), 789
"H-Mode Regimes and Observations of Central Toroidal Rotation in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, J. Rice, et al., presentation at IAEA - FEC, 1998.
"Observations of Central Toroidal Rotation in ICRF Heated ALcator C-Mod Plasmas", J. Rice, M. Greenwald, I. Hutchinson, et al., Nucl. Fusion, 38, 75, 1998.
"H Mode Confinement in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, R.L. Boivin, F. Bombarda, et al., Nuclear Fusion, 37, (1997), 793
"Data Acquisition System for Alcator C-Mod", T. Fredian, J. Stillerman, M. Greenwald, RSI, 68, 935, 1997.
"Remote Control of Alcator C-Mod from LLNL", S. Horne, M. Greenwald, T. Fredian, et al., Fusion Technology, 32, 152, 1997.
"Transport Experiments in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, R. Boivin, F. Bombarda, et al., Physics of Plasmas 2, (1995) 2308-2313
"Confinement of Ohmic and ICRF Heated Plasmas in Alcator C-Mod", M. Greenwald, et al., Proceedings of IAEA 15th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Seville, Volume 2, 15 (1995), Available also as PFC/JA 94-29
"A New Look at Density Limits", M. Greenwald, J. Terry, S. Wolfe, S. Ejima, M. Bell, S. Kaye, G.H. Neilsen, Nuclear Fusion 28 (1988) 2199.
"Microwave Measurements of the Mass of Frozen Hydrogen Pellets", V. Talanker, M. Greenwald, RSI, 59, 1095, 1988.
"Studies of
the Regime of Improved Particle and Energy Confinement Following
Pellet Injection into Alcator C.",
M. Greenwald, M. Besen, F. Camacho, et al., ., Proceedings of
IAEA 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled
Nuclear Fusion Research, Kyoto, Volume I, 139 (1987).
"Effect of
Pellet Fueling on Energy Transport in Ohmically Heated Alcator C
Plasmas", S. Wolfe, M. Greenwald, R. Gandy, et al., Nucl.
Fusion, 26, 329, 1986.
"Observations
of Centrally Peaked Impurity Profiles Following Pellet Injection in the
Alcator C Tokamak", R. Petrasso, D. Sigmar, K. Wenzel, J.
Hopf, M. Greenwald, J. Terry, J. Parker, PRL, 57, 707, 1986.
"Progress in
tokamak
research at MIT", R. Parker, M. Greenwald, S. Luckhardt,
E. Marmar, M. Porkolab, S. WOlfe, Nuclear Fusion, 25, 1127, 1985.
"Pellet Fueling Experiments in Alcator C",
M. Greenwald, et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technology, A, 3, 1192, 1985.
"Energy Confinement of High-Density Pellet-Fueled Plasmas in the Alcator C Tokamak", M. Greenwald, D. Gwinn, S. Milora, J. Parker, R. Parker, S. Wolfe, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 4, 352 (1984).
"Depletion of Ripple Trapped Particles in the Alcator Tokamaks", M. Greenwald, J. J. Schuss, D. Cope, Nuclear Fusion 20, 783 (1980).
Alcator C-Mod
Project
MDSplus Data
System
National
Fusion Collaboratory